Evapotranspiration

Evapotranspiration is composed of two processes that ultimately result in the loss of water from the soil.

The first process is evaporation, which mainly affects bare soil and in the first centimetres of depth and water bodies.

Depending on the phenological stage the Kc changes.

The atmosphere demands water due to the difference between the vapour pressure between the air and the evaporating surface, the lower this potential the less water evaporates. The variables that affect this are therefore radiation, temperature, atmospheric humidity and wind speed.

The second process involved is the perspiration. Transpiration is the loss of water from plants to the atmosphere. This loss occurs through the stomata, and thanks to the loss of water vapour, the plant can exchange the CO2 necessary for the construction of its tissues.

As with evaporation, the variables that influence transpiration are wind speed, radiation, air temperature and atmospheric humidity.

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The difference is that in order to know the crop evaporation it is also important to know the crop, the turgor level and the capacity of the soil to conduct water to the plant due to texture and salinity.

• Reference Evapotranspiration

The general equations for the calculation of evapotranspiration result in the Evaporation of the reference crop (ETo). For this equation only the climatic parameters are relevant and the most commonly used equation is the Penman-Monteith FAP.

• Crop evapotranspiration

It is aimed at calculating a more realistic evapotranspiration (ETc) than the reference one. It is based on empirical studies that obtain a coefficient that corrects the value to more closely resemble the reality of the crop (Kc).

Healthy lawns have an evapotranspiration very close to the reference evapotranspiration, sometimes higher, with a weather station the most complicated field decision can be made much more easily.

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